The Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad asks, “By what can one know the Knower?” Modern neuroscience and philosophy of mind echo the same puzzle in the “hard problem of consciousness.” Instruments and theories can track brain states and behavior, but never Awareness itself—the very light by which all knowing occurs. Advaita Vedānta makes the radical move: the Knower is not an object of study but the Self, svayam-prakāśa, self-luminous. To seek it as an object is like the eye trying to see itself. Liberation lies in abiding as That, not in endless inquiry.
Tag: Philosophy of Mind
Hard Problem of Matter & Hard Problem of Consciousness
The “hard problem of matter” asks: what is matter in itself, beyond equations and interactions? Physics describes how particles and fields behave, but not their intrinsic nature. Similarly, the “hard problem of consciousness” asks: why does brain activity produce subjective experience? Both expose a gap between scientific description and lived reality. Across traditions—Vedanta, Buddhism, Western panpsychism, Daoism, and modern physics—the puzzle is the same: are matter and mind two distinct substances, or two faces of the same reality? Exploring these perspectives reveals how ancient wisdom and modern science converge on this profound mystery of existence.
Know Thyself 